Kulesi ntwasahlobo, i-Covil 19 ubhubhane olubhujiwe ezifundazweni nasemadolobheni amaningi, isibhedlela esisezingeni eliphakeme, esake sathuthukiswa njengokwakhiwa okuphezulu kakhulu ngemuva kokuvalwa kwezibhedlela zeWuhan Leishershan kanye neHuhenShan ShelterSthels.
I-National Health Commission (NHS) yathi kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunezibhedlela ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-3 eziguqukayo esifundazweni ngasinye. Noma ngabe isibhedlela i-modular Shepher asikakakhiwa, kufanele sibe nohlelo lokwakha lokuqinisekisa ukuthi ophuthumayo odingekayo - izibhedlela zase-meseshift zingakhiwa futhi ziphothulwe kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbili.
UJiao Yahui, umqondisi we-NHC's Medical Administration Bureau uthe engqungqutheleni yezindaba ephethwe yi-State Council Council New Instantsion kanye ne-Mashi 22 Okwamanje akhona izibhedlela ezingama-33 zama-hospar Kwakhiwa isibhedlela sama-modularalerater kanti ama-13 asesakhiwa, kanti ingqikithi yemibhede engama-35,000. Lezi zibhedlela zaseMecheshift zigxile kakhulu eJilin, eShandong, eYunnan, Hebei, Fujian, Liaineing ...
I-Changchun Modular Sherser Hospital
Isibhedlela saseMecheshift siyisibonelo esihle sokwakhiwa kwesikhashana, isikhathi sokwakha esibhedlela saseMecheshift ngokuvamile asisekho ngaphezu kwesonto elilodwa ukusuka ekwakhiweni kuya ekulethweni kokugcina.
Izibhedlela zaseMecheshift zidlala indima njengebhuloho phakathi kwezokwehlukaniswa kwasekhaya nokuya ezibhedlela eziqokiwe, futhi zigweme ukuchitha izinsiza zezokwelapha.
Ngo-2020, izibhedlela eziyi-16 ze-Shearter Helpter zakhiwa kungakapheli amasonto amathathu eWuhan, futhi baphatha iziguli ezingaba ngu-12,000 ngenyanga, futhi bathola ukushona kweziguli ze-zero. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibhedlela zaseMecheshift kungeniswe nase-United States, eJalimane, e-Italy, eSpain nakwamanye amazwe.
Isibhedlela saseMecheshift siguqulwe esivela esikhungweni seNew York Convention nasembukisweni (umthombo: Dezeen)
Isibhedlela saseMecheshift esiguqulwe esivela esikhumulweni sezindiza saseBerlin eJalimane (umthombo: Dezeen)
Kusuka kumatende asenkathini yokugcotshwa kwezindlu ezingenile ezingabonakala yonke indawo, ezibhedlela zaseMecheshift ezidlala indima ebalulekile enkingeni yedolobha namuhla, izakhiwo zesikhashana zidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wesintu.
Umsebenzi omele we-Industrial Revolution Era "London Crystal Palace" isakhiwo sokuqala sesikhashana esakhiwa ngokubaluleka kweTrans-Epoch. I-pavilion yesikhashana enkulu ezweni le-World Expo ihlanganiswa ngokuphelele nensimbi nengilazi. Kuthathe ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-9 ukuqeda. Ngemuva kokuphela, kwahlakazwa futhi kwahanjiswa kwenye indawo, futhi kwafezeka kabusha.
I-Crystal Palace, UK (Umthombo: Baidu)
I-Maching Architect Noriaki Kurokawa's Takara Beautilion Pavilion e-1970 World Expo e-Osaka, eJapan, Pods ezifakiwe ezingasuswa noma zisuswe kusuka ku-skeleton yensimbi yesiphambano, ukumaka igceke elikhulu phambili kulolo lwakhiwo lwesikhashana.
I-Takara Beautilion Pavilion (Source: Archdaily)
Namuhla, izakhiwo zesikhashana ezingakhiwa ngokushesha zidlale indima ebalulekile kukho konke kusuka kumakhaya okufaka okwesikhashana esigabeni sesikhashana, kusuka ku-Accurical Realive Peapilitie, izindawo zomculo zomculo kuya ezindaweni zombukiso.
Lapho kugadla inhlekelele, izakhiwo zesikhashana zingamakholomitha emzimbeni nomoya
Izinhlekelele ezinzima zemvelo azilindelekile, futhi abantu bayabalwa nangokungenakuvinjwa yibo. Lapho ebhekene nezinhlekelele zemvelo neyenziwe ngabantu, ukwakhiwa kwesikhashana akulula njengokuthi "ukuhlakanipha okusheshayo", lapho singabona khona ukuhlakanipha kokulungiselela usuku lwemvula kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wezenhlalo kanye nokunakekelwa kobuntu ngemuva komklamo.
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, umakhi waseJapan uvimbela ukufundwa kwezinhlaka zesikhashana, wasebenzisa amashubhu ephepha ukudala izindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana ezinobungane bemvelo nabaphambayo. Kusukela ngo-1990s, izakhiwo zakhe zamaphepha zingabonakala ngemuva kwempi yombango yase-Rwandan e-Afrika, earchuaun ukuzamazama komhlaba eJapan, ezokuzamazama komhlaba kwaseWenchuan eChina, eHsunami enyakatho yeJapan nezinye izinhlekelele. Ngaphezu kwezindlu zenhlekelele yezenhlekelele, wazakhela nezikole namasonto ngephepha, ekwakheni indawo engokomoya ngenxa yezisulu. Ngo-2014, uvinjelwe uzuze umklomelo wePritzker ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo.
Indlu yesikhashana ngemuva kwenhlekelele eSri Lanka (umthombo: www.shigergerubanarchitects.com)
Ukwakhiwa kwesikole kwesikhashana kweChengdu Hualin Primary School (umthombo: www.shigergerubanarchitects.com)
I-New Zealand Paper Church (umthombo: www.shigergerubanarchitects.com)
Endabeni ye-Covid-19, ukuvinjelwa nakho kubuyele design enhle kakhulu. Indawo ye-Quantiraarantine ingakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa amaphepha namashubhu ephepha angahlukanisa leli gciwane, futhi ngezici ezibiza kakhulu, okulula ukuziphindaphinda futhi kube lula ukwakha. Umkhiqizo usetshenzisiwe njengeSikhungo Sokugomela Isikhashana, Sedwa kanye Nendawo Yokukhosela e-Ishikawa, Nara nakwezinye izindawo eJapan.
(Umthombo: www.shigersubanarchitects.com)
Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bakhe kumashubhu ephepha, ukuvinjwa kuvame ukusebenzisa iziqukathi ezenziwe ngomumo zokwakha izakhiwo. Usebenzise iziqukathi eziningana ukwakha indlu yesikhashana yemizi eneminyaka engu-188 yezisulu zaseJapan, ukuhlolwa ekwakhiweni okuqukethwe okuphezulu. Iziqukathi zibekwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ngama-cranes futhi axhumene nama-twitslocks.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zindlela zezimboni, izindlu zesikhashana zingakhiwa ngokushesha ngesikhathi esifushane futhi zinokusebenza okuhle kokuzamazama komhlaba.
(Umthombo: www.shigersubanarchitects.com)
Kunemizamo eminingi yokwakha amaShayina ukwakha izakhiwo zesikhashana ngemuva kwezinhlekelele.
Ngemuva kwe- "5.12" Earthquake, umdwebi wezakhiwo uZhu jingxiang ethempelini elichithekile leSituli esiyinhloko sokwakha isikole samabanga aphansi, kanti amavolontiya asemqoka asetshenziswayo asebenzisa indawo enamamitha ayi-450, futhi i-Composite Sheet Fcwalisa ukuzamazama komhlaba jikelele. Ukufakwa kanye nezinto zokugcina zokushisa zisetshenziswa ngokubambisana nokwakhiwa okunezitezi eziningi kanye nokubekwa okufanele kweminyango namafasitela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sifudumele ebusika futhi sinokukhanya okuningi kwemvelo. Kungekudala ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwesikole, ukuwela kwethrekhi yesitimela kudinga ukususwa. Ukuhamba kokuklanywa kokuqala kuqinisekisa ukuthi isikole singakhiwa kabusha ezindaweni ezahlukene ngaphandle kokungcola.
((Umthombo: I-Archdaily)
I-Architect Yingjun Xie yakhelwe i- "POCATE House", esebenzisa yonke imithombo etholakalayo njengezinto zokwakha, njengamagatsha, izitshalo, ukufezekisa ubumbano lwesakhiwo, izinto zokwakha, isikhala, ama-aesthetics kanye nomqondo wobuciko obuyisimeme. Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo sesikhashana esithi "Igumbi lokusebenzisana" selidlale indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwezimo eziphuthumayo emhlabeni.
(Umthombo: Xie YINGING BINGING Architects)
Izakhiwo zesikhashana eziyi-02, amandla amasha ekwakhiwa okuzinzile
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kokuguqulwa kwezimboni, ukwakhiwa kwanamuhla kanye nokufika okugcwele kweminyaka yobudala emikhulu futhi ebizayo kwakhiwe ngesikhathi esifushane, okuholela emalini enkulu yokwakha engeke isetshenziswe kabusha. Ukungcola okukhulu kwezinsizakusebenza kuye kwenza abantu namuhla bangabaze i- "Ukuhlala njalo" kwezakhiwo. Umakhi waseJapan Toyo Ito wake waveza ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwalo kufanele kube yinto esheshayo futhi into esheshayo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kwembulwa izinzuzo zezakhiwo zesikhashana. Ngemuva kwezakhiwo zesikhashana ziqedele ukuthunywa kwazo, ngeke zibangele ukulimala kwemvelo, okuhambisana nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha okuqhubekayo.
Ngo-2000, i-Shigeru Ban and German Architect Frei Otto yakhelwe i-tube yephepha elidwetshwe i-dome yaseJapan e-velo eHannover, eJalimane, eyaheha ukunakwa komhlaba wonke. Ngenxa yohlobo lwesikhashana lwe-Expo Pavilion, i-Pavilion yaseJapan izodilizwa ngemuva kwesikhathi sokubukwa kwezinyanga ezinhlanu, futhi umklami ubheke imininingwane yokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezinto ezibonakalayo ekuqaleni komklamo.
Ngakho-ke, umzimba oyinhloko wesakhiwo wenziwe nge-Paper Tube, Ifilimu lephepha nezinye izinto, okunciphisa ukulimala kwemvelo futhi kusiza ukuphindaza kabusha.
IJapan Pavilion Emhlabeni Expo eHannover, Germany (Source: www.shigergerubanarchitects.com)
Enqubweni yokuhlela iphrojekthi ye-Brand-Office ye-Office yendawo yesikhashana yendawo ye-Xiongan Iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezikhala ezihlukile kanye nezidingo zakamuva zokusebenzisa indawo. Uma kunezinye izidingo ngokuzayo, kungashintshwa futhi ukuze zivumelane nezikhala ezihlukile. Lapho isakhiwo sigcwalisa umsebenzi waso samanje esisebenzayo, singahlukaniswa futhi siphinde sisebenze, sihlanganiswe kwenye indawo futhi siphinde sasebenzisa.
I-Xiongan New Area Enterprise I-Office Project Project (umthombo: Isikole Sokwakhiwa Kwama-Architecture, Tianjin University)
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, ngokukhishwa kwe- "ajenda 21 yenhlangano yama-Olimpiki: Imidlalo ye-Olimpiki ye-OLMYPH . Ukuze uqinisekise ukuqina kwemidlalo, ama-Olimpiki ebusika ezedlule asebenzise inani elikhulu lezakhiwo zesikhashana ukuxazulula inkinga yesikhala yemisebenzi yokusiza.
Ku-2010 Vancouver Winter Olimpiki, iCypress Mountain yakha inani elikhulu lamatende wesikhashana azungeze isakhiwo senkonzo yasensimini yeqhwa yasekuqaleni; Ku-2014 Sochi Winter Olimpiki, kusetshenziswe ama-90% ezindawo zesikhashana ezindaweni ezivelile nezindawo zokuhamba ngezindawo zokuphumula; Ku-2018 Pyeongchang ebusika ama-Olimpiki, cishe ama-80% amamitha-skwele angaphezu kwamamitha-skwele angaphezu kwamamitha angaphezu kuka-20,000 ePhoenix Ski Park ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza komcimbi kwakuyizakhiwo zesikhashana.
E-Beijing Winter Olimpiki ngo-2022, i-yunding ski Park eChongli, uZhangjiakou wasingathwa imincintiswano engama-20 ngezigaba ezimbili: ukushushuluza i-freestboarding kanye neqhwa. I-90% yezidingo ezisebenzayo zama-Olimpiki Ebusika zincike ezakhiweni zesikhashana, ezinamamitha-skwele angama-22,000 wesikolo sesikhashana, acishe afinyelele ezingeni lebhlokhi ledolobha elincane. Lezi zinhlaka zesikhashana zinciphisa i-Footprint yaphakade esizeni futhi zigcinele isikhala sendawo yokusebenza esebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuze ivele futhi ishintshe.
03 Lapho izakhiwo zikhululekile ezingqinamba, kuzoba namathuba amaningi
Izakhiwo zesikhashana zinempilo emfushane futhi zibekele imikhawulo embalwa esikhaleni nasezintweni, ezizonikeza ama-Architect Igumbi elingaphezulu lokudlala futhi achaze kabusha ubungqabavu kanye nobuciko bezakhiwo.
Igalari ye-Serpentine eLondon, eNgilandi, ngokungangabazeki ingenye yezakhiwo zesikhashana ezimele kakhulu emhlabeni. Kusukela ngo-2000, i-Serpengeline Gallery ikhiphe umklami noma iqembu labakhi bezakhiwo ukwakha i-Pavilion yesikhashana yehlobo njalo ngonyaka. Ungawathola kanjani amathuba amaningi ezakhiweni zesikhashana isihloko segalari yeSerpentinec for Architects.
Umklami wokuqala omenywe yigalari yeSerpentine ngo-2000 kwakunguZaha wayala. Umqondo kaZaha wokwakheka kwakuwukushiya isimo setende sokuqala futhi unqume incazelo nomsebenzi wetende. Igalari ye-Serpenger ye-Scarmer ibilokhu iphishekela futhi ihlose "ukuguqulwa kanye nokwenziwa okusha" iminyaka eminingi.
(Umthombo: I-Archdaily)
Igalari ye-Serpentinene ye-2015 yaqedwa ngokuhlangene ngabakwa-Spanish Designers uJosé Selgas noLucía Choo. Imisebenzi yabo isebenzisa imibala enesibindi futhi injengezingane kakhulu, iphupha isitayela esibuthakathaka seminyaka edlule nokuletha izimangaliso eziningi kubantu. Ukuthatha ugqozi esitimeleni esinabantu abaningi eLondon, umdwebi wezakhiwo aklama i-pavilion njenge-wormmole enkulu, lapho abantu bangezwa injabulo yobuntwana njengoba behamba ngesakhiwo sefilimu yepulasitiki.
(Umthombo: I-Archdaily)
Emisebenzini eminingi, izakhiwo zesikhashana nazo zinokubaluleka okukhethekile. Ngesikhathi se- "Burning Man" festival e-United States ngo-Agasti 2018, umakhi wezakhiwo u-Arthur Mamou-Mani waklama ithempeli elibizwa nge- "Galaxia", eliqukethe imigwaqo engama-20, eliqukethe umkhathi omkhulu. Ngemuva komcimbi, lezi zakhiwo zesikhashana zizodilizwa, njengokupenda kwesihlabathi seMandala eTibetan Buddhism, kukhumbuze abantu: Qaphela isikhathi.
(Umthombo: I-Archdaily)
Ngo-Okthoba 2020, maphakathi nale mizi emithathu yaseBeijing, uWuhan noXiamen, kwakhiwa izindlu ezintathu ezincane lokhu lokhu lokhu lokhuni cishe ngaso leso sikhathi. Lona ukusakazwa bukhoma kwe-CCTV's "Reader". Ngesikhathi sokusakaza bukhoma kwezinsuku ezintathu kanye nezinsuku ezivulekile zamasonto amabili, abangu-672 abantu abavela emadolobheni amathathu bangenele ukufundwa kahle kwesikhala sokuphindaphinda. Amakhabethe amathathu abona isikhathi lapho bephakamisa incwadi futhi bafunda izinhliziyo zabo, futhi babona izinhliziyo zabo, injabulo, isibindi nethemba.
Yize kungathatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili kusuka ekwakhiweni, ekwakheni, ukudiliza, ukubaluleka kwesintu kulethwe esakhiweni sesikhashana esikufanele ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngabakwa-Architect.
(Umthombo: "Reader"'s "CCTV)
Njengoba uke wabona lezi zakhiwo zesikhashana lapho imfudumalo, radicalism kanye ne-avant-garde coexist, unakho ukuqonda okusha kwezakhiwo?
Inani lesakhiwo aliqambi amanga ngesikhathi salo sokugcina, kodwa ukuthi kuyasiza noma kugqugquzela abantu. Kulomqondo, yiziphi izakhiwo zesikhashana eziveza umoya waphakade umoya waphakade.
Mhlawumbe ingane evikelekile esakhiweni sesikhashana futhi yazulazula ezungeze igalari yenyoka ingaba umnqobi wemiklomelo olandelayo wePritzker.
Isikhathi sePosi: 21-04-22