Imakethi yeNdawo ezayo yeZakhiwo zokufikelela kwi- $ 153. Iibhiliyoni ezisi-7 ngamakhaya angama-2026.
Ezi zixhobo zokwakha zikhutshiwe kwindawo yazo, emva koko zithuthwe kwindawo oyifunayo apho zidibene khona. Izindlu ezikhethiweyo yindibaniselwano yendlu yemveli kunye netekhnoloji. Ubuncinci i-70% yesakhiwo esangaphambili yaziwa ngokuba yimodyuli yemodyuli.Le lenza ukuba ithathe inxaxheba, ithuthwane kunye nokwakha amakhaya kube lula. Xa kuthelekiswa nezindlu zemveli, izindlu zangaphambili zixabiso eliphantsi, oluzinzileyo oluzinzileyo kwaye lubhetele. Izixhobo zokwakha ezisetyenzisiweyo ekuqulunqweni kwezindlu zangaphambili zihlelwa njengekhonkrithi esekwe kunye nentsimbi.
Ngexesha leCovid-19 i-19 iMarike, imakethi yehlabathi yezakhiwo ezazimiselwe zangaphambili iqikelelwe kwi-US $ 106.1 bhiliyoni ngonyaka ka-2020, iqikelelwa ukuba ifikelele ubungakanani be-US $ 153.7 bhiliyoni nge-2026.
Imakethi yangaphambili yezakhiwo e-US iqikelelwa kwi-US $ 20.2 yezigidigidi ngonyaka ka-2021. Ilizwe libiza isabelo se-18.3% kwimarike yehlabathi. China, ihlabathi uqoqosho lwesibini ngobukhulu, luqikelelo lokufikelela kubungakanani bentengiso eqikelelweyo ye-US $ 38.2 bhiliyoni kunyaka wama-2026 kwi-Cager ye-7.9% ngethuba lokuhlalutya. Phakathi kwezinye iimarike zejografi zejografi yiJapan naseCanada, imeko nganye ikhule kwi-4.9% ne-5.1% ngokwahlukeneyo kwixesha lohlalutyo. Ngaphakathi eYurophu, iJamani iqikelela ukuba ikhule malunga ne-5.5% ye-Cagr ngelixa imakethi yaseYurophu (njengoko ichaziwe kwisifundo) iya kufikelela kwi-41 yeebhiliyoni ze-US $.
Ukongeza, ukuqala ukusuka kwi-2021, imakethi yokutsalwa kwemali esetyenzisiweyo ibiyibhobhoza, kwaye icandelo elikhulu likhokele kwaye lalandela isuti kwiinkampani zangaphakathi zangaphambili e-China.
Uhlalutyo olugunyazisiweyo oluvela kutyalo-mali kunye nezangqa zemali ikholelwa ukuba namhlanje, xa i-China yokusebenza ingene kwimiba-ntle, kwaye imbono ye-chineration ithathelwa iziqendu eziphezulu, kwaye i-cuscoration ye-Chest iqatshelwe yi-2021 iphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza kwicala leshishini 4.0.
Lo mhombiso mtsha weTekhnoloji yoLwandleniso lweTekhnoloji yoLwandleniso (umhlobiso wendibano), kungekuphela phantsi kolindelo olukhulu lwentengiso, kodwa nemakethi ekhulayo, icandelo lentengiso elivelayo lazisa amathuba amatsha kunye nendawo enkulu yokucinga.
Inkulu kangakanani intengiso? Owona manani makathethe:
Ingabonwa kuhlalutyo lwedatha esetyenziselwa ishishini lokwakha lemveli igcina uphuhliso olomeleleyo. Ngexesha apho ulawulo lobhubhane lwehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba luphuculwe ngonyaka wama-2021 kunye nomjikelo wezoqoqosho lwasekhaya ukuqaphela, izinga lokukhula komzi-mveliso wezindlu kulindeleke ukuba libe ngabakubamba ngamehlo.
Ewe, ezinye ukuthandabuza ziya kulandela: imarike inkulu kakhulu kwaye ireyithi yokukhula iyaqhubeka, indlu yendabuko yemveli ihleli ishushu kwaye kutheni indlu yangaphambi kokuba ibe yeyona mveliso ivuthayo? Sisiphi esona sizathu sinzulu emva kwayo?
1.I-Instals yeShishini:Abasebenzi bemizi-mveliso behlakele unyaka nonyaka
Ngokwedatha yoluntu, inani lilonke labasebenzi kwisakhiwo semveli liyenyuka ukusuka kwizigidi ezili-11 ngo-2005 ukuya kwi-16.3 yezigidi ngo-2016; Kodwa ukusukela ngo-2017, inani labasebenzi kwishishini laqala ukwehla. Ukuphela kuka-2018, inani labasebenzi kwishishini lifikelele kwi-1,300. Bangaphezu kwe-10,000 abantu.
2.Akwabahlulwa kwe-Demgraphic yokuqonda
Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo ongentla, unokubonwa ukuba uMsebenzi wabaSebenzi uyaqhubeka ukwala. Bangaphi abasebenzi abakulungeleyo ukungenela umzi-mveliso wokwakha okwesiko kwixesha elizayo? Imeko inombala odabayo.
Iqela lezahlulo zedemokhuthile ngokucacileyo unyaka nonyaka, kwaye kukho nengxaki yokwenyani yokwaluphala okuqhubekayo kwabasebenzi, kunye nokwakha okwemveli kushishino oluqhelekileyo lomsebenzi.
Kumhlobiso womhlobiso wemveli, indawo nganye yokuhombisa yiworkshop encinci yemveliso, kwaye umgangatho weemveliso uxhomekeke kubugcisa babasebenzi bokwakha kwinkqubo, umbane, iinkuni, kunye neoyile.
Ukusuka kowona mhlobiso wesintu kumhombiso we-Intanethi otsalela ugxininiso lwentengiso kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ngaphandle kwe-intanethi itshintshele (ngaphandle, inkqubo kunye neekhonkco zeenkonzo azinazitshintshanga. , Inkqubo nganye isenza ukuba abasebenzi bokwakha bemveli, abachitha ixesha, banamakhonkco amaninzi, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye neenkqubo ezinde. Ezi ngxaki zebhotile azizange ziguqulwe kakhulu.
Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, isakhiwo esakhelwe ngokuthe ngqo itshintsha ngokuthe ngqo indlela yemveliso yenze imveliso entsha yemveliso kunye nesemva. Iqinisekisiwe indlela ephazamisa ngayo kuyo kulo mzi mveliso.
3.Ukwenziwe kwangaphambiliisakhiwoIkrele leShishini libonisa utshintsho lweshishini
Uninzi lwabarhwebi bezezakhiwo ezazihlolwe kwangaphambili kunye nomhombisi bathi iJapan iphuhlise izakhiwo ezazimiselwe kwangaphambili kwaye zigqibile kune china, kwaye zinemigangatho emiselweyo kunye nemigangatho yokwakha. Njengombutho olukhuni kwibhanti yenyikima, eJapan ijongene nabantu abalupheleyo kunye nokuhla okubukhali kwabasebenzi bezishishini ezibalaseleyo kunale china namhlanje.
Kwelinye icala, eChina, ukusukela kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo lokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngo-1990, inani elikhulu labasebenzi abafudukayo lithululelwe esixekweni ukuze sinike umhombiso. Okwelo xesha, itekhnoloji ekhuselweyo yayisemva, kwaye kukho iingxaki ezisemgangathweni, ezikhokelela kwimbono yokuphambuka okwethutyana kangangexesha elithile.
Ukusukela ngo-2012, ngokunyuka kweendleko zezabasebenzi kunye noluvo lwemizi-mveliso yendlu, uhlobo olwenziweyo luxhaswe ngamandla imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe, kwaye uphuhliso lweli shishini luqhubekile.
Ngokutsho kwesicwangciso seminyaka engama-13 yeminyaka emihlanu yeminyaka yobungqina beCandelo lezoMphathiswa Wezezindlu kunye noPhuhliso lwasemaphandleni, nge-2020, umda wezakhiwo ezazingaphambi kweli lizwe ziya kufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-15% yezakhiwo ezitsha. Ngo-2021, imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha emininzi iya kuqhubeka ingeniswa kwaye iphunyezwe.
4.I-Instights Instals Yintoni esetyenzisiweyoisakhiwo?
Isakhiwo sangaphambili, esaziwa njengesakhiwo semveliso. Ngo-2017, "imigangatho yobugcisa yokwakhiwa kwasekuqaleni" kunye "nemigangatho yobugcisa yezakhiwo ezazimiselwe izindlu" ezibhengezwe ngokucacileyo kusetyenziswa iindlela zokwakha ezomileyo ukuba zivelise i-feririty kwizinto.
Umhombiso obenziweyo unokuphucula imizi-mveliso yoyilo olusemgangathweni, imveliso ehlaziyiweyo yemveliso, eyakhiweyo, kunye nonxibelelaniso olusekwe kulwazi.
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. Iindawo zokusebenzela iinxalenye zigxininisa ukuba nangona umhombiso wangaphambili uyimveliso ehlangeneyo, kusafuneka afezekise ngokwasemphefumlweni, ukuze aphephe ukulungisa indawo yesibini.
5.Ukutshintshwaisakhiwo"Umzi-mveliso onzima kunye nendawo yokukhanya" ye-Inshoting
(1) Nika ingqalelo kwisikhundla sokwakha nolwakhiwo.
Ukungaphambi kwenqanaba loyilo kukuphucula amandla okonga kuyilo lokudityaniswa kwesakhiwo kunye nomhlobiso. Ukwakha imodeli yolwazi (i-BIM) sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esisebenzayo sokwakha uyilo oluhlangeneyo. Amashishini anokuqokelelwa kobuchwephesha kwi-BIM, baya kuba nakho ukubonakalisa ngcono izibonelelo zabo zokhuphiswano ekukhokeleni ukhuphiswano.
Ukungaphambi kwenqanaba lokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwendlela kunye nesona sakhiwo siphambili. Kwindlela yokhombisa emveni, yonke imisebenzi yokwakha igqityiwe kwindawo, ngelixa umhombiso wangaphambili uhlulela umsebenzi woqobo wokwakha ube ngamacandelo amabini: ukuveliswa kwezatifikethi. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yendabuko.
(2) Izinto eziphezulu eziphezulu
Isakhiwo esakhe sasasazeka sabela isakhiwo semveli sahlulahlulahlulahlula iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo, kwaye inkampani yomhlobiso ibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi, ngaloo ndlela zibonelela ngokukhethwayo kwinxalenye nganye, ngaloo ndlela besenza ukwenziwa komgangatho.
Amalungu ayenziwa kumzi-mveliso kwaye afakwe kuphela kwisiza. Ukuchaneka komhlobiso kuphuculwe kakhulu, ifuthe lezinto zabantu lincitshiswa kakhulu, umgangatho womhlobiso kulula ukuqinisekisa, kwaye umgangatho weenxalenye ungcono kwaye ulunge ngakumbi.
(3) Yonke inkqubo iyindawo engqongileyo kwaye impilo.
Njengolu phawu, iindawo ezazimiselwe kwangaphambili zonke ziveliswe ngumzi-mveliso, akukho msebenzi mnzi ubandakanyeka, kwaye lonto ibalulekileyo kwindalo kwaye usempilweni.
Indawo yokwakha yeyokufakelo lwamalungu kuphela, yonke into eyakhiwe ngokwakha eyomileyo ngaphandle kokuqhubekeka kwesibini. Ke ngoko, ixesha lokwakha lifutshane kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yesiqhelo. Eli le meko kwindawo yokuqala yangoku kunye neyesibini ye-tier tiest ihotele, iofisi yohlengahlengiso ngokukhawuleza, kunye nengeniso ephezulu yepropathi kunye neeprojekthi zokuhlala. Ukubamba kwamehlo kakhulu kwizinto ezintle, kwaye kwimbono yexesha elizayo lomthengi, ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwasekhaya kunye nokuhlaziywa kwexesha elizayo, izixhobo zinobuhlobo obufanelekileyo, zingaphindwanga njani kumthengi?
6.IIingqondo ze-NDustry zichaza kwangaphambili ubungakanani bentengiso ukuba bagqithiseI-100bhiliyoniiUSD
Ngokweemodeli zokubala ezifanelekileyo, kuqikelelwa ukuba isikali sentengiso esandul 'i-China siya kufikelela kwiibhiliyoni ezingama-100 kwi-2025, kunye nenqanaba lonyaka lokukhula kwe-38.26%.
Ubungakanani bentengiso bugqithile kwi-100 yeebhiliyoni. Ngomkhondo omkhulu wetekhnoloji enkulu enjalo, loluphi uhlobo lwenkampani olunokuthi luyiphumelele yonke le nkqubo kwaye lukhokelele kuphuhliso lweshishini?
Umzi mveliso ngokubanzi uyakholelwa ukuba kuphela amashishini amakhulu adibeneyoIzakhono zenqanaba eliphezulu loyilo (oko kukuthi, i-National, yendawo, yendawo, kunye neShishini yokubekwa komgangatho), uyilo kunye neZakhono zeR & D, i-BIM yeTekhnoloji, Iinxalenye zemveliso kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo, kwayeIzakhono zoqeqesho lwabasebenziIngaba kule ntsimi. Yima kwitrayi yetekhnoloji entsha.
Ngokwahlulwa, izindlu ze-GS zezoloo shishini zidibeneyo.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: 14-03-22